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Topic 6 - Debris-flow Monitoring and Alert Systems

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ANALYSIS OF DEBRIS FLOW UNDERGROUND SOUND BY WAVELET TRANSFORM - A CASE STUDY OF EVENTS IN AIYUZIH RIVER by Yao-Min Fang - Geographic Information System Research Center, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724 Ti-Min Huang - Geographic Information System Research Center, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724 Bing-Jean Lee - Department of Civil Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724 Tien-Yin Chou - Department of Land Management, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724 Hsiao-Yuan Yin - Chief Department Officer, Slopeland Monitoring Section, Monitoring and Management Division, Soil and water conservation Bureau, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-060 Since 2002, the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, which is responsible for the conservation and administrative management of hillside in Taiwan, has been cooperating with Feng Chia University. Together, they have successively carried out the establishment and maintenance of 17 debris flow monitoring stations over the Taiwan and 3 mobile debris flow monitoring stations. Geophone is one of the most important sensor to detect whether debris flow occur or not. The wavelet transform is employed in this study t Preview | Download Read More...
DEBRIS-FLOW MONITORING STATIONS IN THE EASTERN PYRENEES. DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTATION, FIRST EXPERIENCES AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS by Marcel Hürlimann - Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Technical University of Catalonia, Spain Claudia Abancó - Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Technical University of Catalonia, Spain Jose Moya - Dept. of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Technical University of Catalonia, Spain Carles Raïmat - Geobrugg Ibérica SA, Spain Roberto Luis-Fonseca - Geobrugg Ibérica SA, Spain DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-061 Monitored observation stations represent a fundamental tool to properly investigate the initiation, flow behaviour and accumulation of debris flows. In the recent years, tree different monitoring stations have been built up in the Eastern Pyrenees. The instrumentation of all of them consists of four geophones and a rain gauge, while two of them also have an ultrasonic device and one site a video camera. First experiences regarding the set-up and calibration of the different devices indicate that debris-flow Preview | Download Read More...
A STUDY OF INFRASONIC SIGNALS OF DEBRIS FLOWS by Arnold Kogelnig - Institute of Mountain Risk Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Johannes Hübl - Institute of Mountain Risk Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria Emma Suriñach - Grup d’Allaus (RISKNAT), Dept. Geodinàmica i Geofisica, Fac. de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain Ignasi Vilajosana - Grup d’Allaus (RISKNAT), Dept. Geodinàmica i Geofisica, Fac. de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain Shucheng Zhang - Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environmnent, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministery of Water Ressources, Chengdu, China Nanyan Yun - Mechanics College, Southwest Jiao Tong University, Chengdu, China Brian W. McArdell - Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-062 Mass movements such as debris flows, rock fall and snow avalanches are sources of sub-audible sounds in the low frequency infrasonic and seismic spectrum. Recent studies indicated that debris flow-generated signals are of significant amplitude and occupy a relatively noise free band in the low frequency acoustic spectrum. Infrasound signals have the ability to propagate kilometres from the source, thereby allow monitoring of mass movements from a remote location. This study presents debris flow monitoring a Preview | Download Read More...
LONG -TERM MONITORING OF BEDLOAD AND DEBRIS FLOWS IN TWO SMALL ALPINE BASINS OF DIFFERENT MORPHOLOGICAL SETTINGS by Mario Aristide Lenzi - Department of Land and Agro-Forest Environments, University of Padova, Italy L. Mao - Department of Land and Agro-Forest Environments, University of Padova, Italy Marco Cavalli - CNR IRPI, Padova, Italy DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-063 Sediment transport in steep mountain streams can occur as bedload or debris flows, depending on basin geomorphology and sediment supply conditions. This paper compares two small catchments located in the Eastern Italian Alps (Rio Cordon and Moscardo Torrent) where the dominant sediment transport processes differ substantially. The former hosts a measuring station for water and sediment transport rates operating since 1986, whereas the latter was set up in 1989 to monitor debris-flow events. Differences in s Preview | Download Read More...
HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS AND TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING OF POST-FIREDEBRIS FLOWS IN THE SAN GABRIEL MOUNTAINS, CA, U.S.A by Kevin M. Schmidt - U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd., MS-973, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, U.S.A Maiana N. Hanshaw - U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd., MS-973, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, U.S.A James F. Howle - U. S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 1360, Carnelian Bay, CA, 96140, U.S.A. Jason W. Kean - U. S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 25046, MS-966, Denver, CO, 80225, U.S.A Dennis M. Staley - U. S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 25046, MS-966, Denver, CO, 80225, U.S.A Jonathan D. Stock - U. S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd., MS-973, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, U.S.A Gerald W. Bawdeng - U. S. Geological Survey, 3020 State University Dr. E., Sacramento, CA 95819, U.S.A. DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-064 To investigate rainfall-runoff conditions that generate post-wildfire debris flows, we instrumented and surveyed steep, small watersheds along the tectonically active front of the San Gabriel Mountains, California. Fortuitously, we recorded runoff-generated debris-flows triggered by one spatially restricted convective event with 28 mm of rainfall falling over 62 minutes. Our rain gages, nested hillslope overland- flow sensors and soil-moisture probes, as well as a time series of terrestrial laser scanning ( Preview | Download Read More...
THE DEBRIS-FLOWS MONITORING SYSTEM OF ACQUABONA TORRENT (CORTINA D’AMPEZZO , BELLUNO , ITALY ) by Paolo Scotton - University of Padua - Department of Geosciences - Padua, Italy Rinaldo Genevois - University of Padua - Department of Geosciences - Padua, Italy Francesca Moro - University of Padua - Department of Geosciences - Padua, Italy Luca Zorzi - University of Padua - Department of Geosciences - Padua, Italy DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-065 The article presents a debris-flow monitoring system installed in the site of Acquabona near Cortina d’Ampezzo, in the province of Belluno, Italy. The site, whose activity is almost annual, was equipped in the second half of the 90s, with the aim of characterizing the phase of initiation, flow and deposition of debris-flows typical of the Dolomitic areas. Three measuring stations were been realized. The power of the equipment was provided by solar panels. The field data were stored on site and recovered Preview | Download Read More...
FORTY YEARS OF DEBRIS -FLOW MONITORING AT KAMIKAMIHORIZAWA CREEK, MOUNT YAKEDAKE, JAPAN by Hiroshi Suwa - Research Center for Disaster Mitigation of Urban Cultural Heritage, Ritsumeikan University, and Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwabecho 15, Shimogamo Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-0815, Japan Kazuyuki Okano - Asia Air Survey Co. Ltd, Osaka 530-6029, Japan Tadahiro Kanno - Matsumoto Sabo Office, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Nagano 390-0803, Japan DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-066 Kamikamihorizawa Creek on the slopes of Mount Yakedake, Nagano Prefecture, was selected as a monitoring site for debris flows considering a high frequency of debris flow and instrumented with monitoring equipments in 1970: eight years after the last phreatic explosion of this volcano. The monitoring system was improved by adding speedometers, stage meters, seismometers and so on, in addition to the off-line monitoring surveys on the interaction between debris flows, hillslope hydrology and slope morphology. Preview | Download Read More...
MONITORING NEAR-RIVERBED SEDIMENT BEHAVIOR OF DEBRIS FLOWS USING HYDROPHONES by Takuro Suzuki - Erosion and Sediment Control Division, Research Center for Disaster Risk Management, National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Japan Yuji Hasegawa - Civil Engineering Research Laboratory, Japan Hideaki Mizuno - Erosion and Sediment Control Division, Research Center for Disaster Risk Management, National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Japan Nobutomo Osanai - Erosion and Sediment Control Division, Research Center for Disaster Risk Management, National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, Japan DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-067 Hydrophones are steel pipes containing a microphone, and they can be used to measure bedload transport intensity. Bedload discharge and average grain diameter can be calculated analytically using sound pressure data. In this study, hydrophones were used to identify debris flows. The proportional relationship between the output voltage corresponding to a grain collision and its momentum was used to analyze electric pressure distribution, which was then used to calculate the mean diameter of colliding grains. Preview | Download Read More...
THE PRESENT DEVELOPMENT OF DEBRIS FLOW MONITORING TECHNOLOGY IN TAIWAN – A CASE STUDY PRESENTATION by Hsiao-Yuan Yin - Section Chief, Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, Council of Agriculture, Nantou 540, Taiwan Ching-Jer Huang - Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Cheng-Yu Chen - Debris Flow Disaster Prevention Center, Soil & Water Conservation Bureau, Council of Agriculture, Nantou 540, Taiwan Yao-Min Fang - Geographic Information System Research Center, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan Bing-Jean Lee - Department of Civil Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan Tien-Yin Chou - Department of Land Management, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-068 In order to document the on-site debris flow events, the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau (SWCB), Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, has devoted to develop the debris flow monitoring system since 2002. This paper introduces the technology of 17 on-site and 3 mobile debris flow monitoring stations established by SWCB in Taiwan. In each on-site monitoring station, several observation instruments including rain gauges, CCD cameras, wire sensors, geophones, and water level meters were installed to collect the dy Preview | Download Read More...


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